If you have a love for the outdoors, The Hilton Head/Bluffton area has a National Wildlife Refuge right at your fingertips. The Pinckney Island National Wildlife Refuge features over 100 archeological sites. The sites are full of history ranging from Archaic Period to the Mississippian Period. French and Spanish explorers originally settled Pinckney Island during the late 16th century. In 1708 an Indian trader, Alexander Mackay obtained over 200 acres on Pinckney but later bought the rest of the land in 1715. Pinckney Island obtained its name in 1736 when Mackay’s wife sold the island to Charles Pinckney. The Pinckney’s transformed Mackay’s island into a plantation. The Pinckney’s cleared the land and by the mid 1800’s they were in control of over 350 slaves.
The plantation housed the Union soldiers during the Civil War. On the 21st of August in the year 1862, Confederate soldiers attacked a Union regiment (New Hampshire Volunteers). Four Union soldiers were killed while another two were wounded. The Confederates suffered with eight of their men wounded. Following the war, the plantation was abandoned in the 1930s. In 1937, Ellen Bruce bought the plantation from the Pinckney family. Bruce restored the island to its former natural state. She planted trees and developed ponds for wildlife. The island served as a game reserve until 1975 when it was turned over to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. After being turned over Pinckney Island became a National Wildlife Refuge.
Today the Refuge is a sanctuary for many endangered and threatened animals including the American Alligator, Bald Eagle, Leatherback turtle, Loggerhead turtle, South Indian manatee, Short nosed Sturgeon, and Wood Stork. According to the Pinckney Island website “Large concentrations of white ibis, herons and egrets, as well as wading bird rookeries and osprey nests can be found on the refuge…. An active bald eagle nest is located on the refuge. Consequently, bald eagles are not an uncommon sight.” Visitors can get a good look at all the wildlife in the refuge by utilizing the walking trails and bike paths found within the sanctuary. The refuge entrance is 1/2 mile west of Hilton Head Island, SC off of U.S. Highway 278 going towards Bluffton. The refuge sign is in-between the two final bridges going off island. Enjoy the natural beauty of the Lowcountry by visiting the Pinckney Island National Wildlife Refuge. For more information visit the Pinckney Island website at http://www.fws.gov/pinckneyisland/ or contact (912) 652-4415.